Visual Guides

Sometimes a picture is worth a thousand words. These visual guides break down complex IEP processes into simple, step-by-step flowcharts you can understand at a glance.

The IEP Process: Step by Step

From referral to annual review — here's how the IEP process works under IDEA.

Step 1

Concern Identified

Parent, teacher, or doctor notices the child may need extra support. A referral is made.

Step 2

Referral & Consent

School requests parent consent to evaluate. Parent signs consent form. Clock starts.

Step 3

Evaluation

Comprehensive evaluation by qualified professionals in all areas of suspected disability. Must be completed within 60 days (varies by state).

Step 4

Eligibility Determination

Team reviews evaluation results and determines if child qualifies under one of 13 IDEA disability categories.

Step 5

IEP Development

Within 30 days of eligibility, the IEP team (including parents) writes the IEP with goals, services, and placement.

Step 6

Implementation

Services begin. Teachers and staff deliver the services and accommodations in the IEP.

Step 7

Progress Monitoring

School tracks progress on IEP goals and provides regular reports to parents.

Step 8

Annual Review

IEP team meets at least once a year to review and update goals, services, and placement.

Every 3 years: A triennial re-evaluation determines if the child still qualifies for special education.

Your Dispute Resolution Options

When you disagree with the school, you have several paths — from informal to formal. Here they are from least to most adversarial.

Least Formal

Most Formal

Informal Discussion

Talk to the teacher, case manager, or special education director.

Free

Preserves relationship

Can be done immediately

Facilitated IEP Meeting

A neutral facilitator runs the IEP meeting to keep discussions productive.

Free in most states

Neutral third party

Focus on problem-solving

State Complaint

File a written complaint with your state education agency alleging a violation of IDEA.

Free to file

State must investigate within 60 days

Can result in corrective action

Mediation

A neutral mediator helps you and the school reach a voluntary agreement.

Free (state pays)

Confidential

Legally binding if agreement reached

Due Process Hearing

A formal legal hearing before an impartial hearing officer.

Legally binding decision

Can recover attorney fees if you win

Creates official record

Pro tip: You can file a state complaint AND request due process at the same time. While a dispute is pending, your child's current placement stays the same (“stay-put” right).